**Background**
Iron is an essential trace element required for numerous biological processes, including oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and cellular respiration. A deficiency in iron leads to iron deficiency anemia, a condition characterized by the reduced ability of blood to carry oxygen, which significantly impairs overall health and development. Beyond its role in treating anemia, iron compounds are frequently studied for their ability to modulate metabolic pathways and protect against chemical-induced toxicity. Understanding the Iron(II) biological activity in various models allows researchers to explore how dietary supplementation can mitigate oxidative damage and restore cellular homeostasis. In this context, we will introduce an orally effective active dietary supplement – Iron(II).
**Definition**
Iron(II), specifically in the form of Iron(II) fumarate (Formula: C4H2FeO4), is an orally active iron supplement used primarily in the research of iron deficiency anemia and metabolic recovery.
**In Vitro and In Vivo Studies**
The Iron(II) description highlights its versatility across different biological models. In vitro studies using BmN cells demonstrated that Iron(II) fumarate (0.32%, 0.64%; 24 h) can restore metabolic pathway disruptions caused by cypermethrin, thereby enhancing cell viability and tolerance to the toxin. Regarding Iron(II) in vivo applications, the compound has shown diverse effects depending on the model and dosage. In p50 and 8y silkworm strains, oral gavage of Iron(II) fumarate (0.32%, 0.64%) improved resistance to cypermethrin damage. In aquatic models, specifically Yellow River carp, the administration of Iron(II) fumarate (3% of body weight; 100 mg F/kg feed; twice daily for 6 weeks) promoted the development of intestinal villi, increased the thickness of the intestinal muscle layer, and enhanced the diversity and richness of the gut microbiota. Conversely, high-dose administration in male albino rats (200-2000 mg/kg; 4 weeks; p.o.) was found to induce oxidative stress in the liver and colon, evidenced by increased iron content and TBA-RS levels. For researchers seeking detailed Iron(II) technical information, these results underscore the importance of dosage in balancing therapeutic benefits and toxicity. In conclusion, Iron(II) is a potent dietary supplement effective for treating anemia and modulating metabolic and intestinal health.
Keywords
Iron(II), 141-01-5, Ferrous, Transferrin Receptor, TfR, CD71, Antianemic, orally, fumaric, dietary, supplement, Inhibitor, inhibitor, inhibit
References
[1] Wang XY, et al. Fumarate mitigates disruption induced by fenpropathrin in the silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera): A metabolomics study. Insect Sci. 2023 Jun;30(3):789-802.
[2] Rimbach G, et al. Liver and colon oxidant status in growing rats fed increasing levels of dietary iron. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 1997 Jun;11(2):99-104.
[3] Ren HT, et al. Effect of Spirulina and Ferrous Fumarate on Intestinal Morphology and the Diversity of Gut Microbiota of Yellow River Carp. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2022 Sep;200(9):4142-4149.
[4] Zlotkin S, et al. Treatment of anemia with microencapsulated ferrous fumarate plus ascorbic acid supplied as sprinkles to complementary (weaning) foods. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Dec;74(6):791-5.