Ion and conducting in-depth interviews, two strategies which have not yet been utilised amongst AED customers, we sought to describe how AEDs are used and represented in each day life and practice, at the same time as examining the social meanings and practices that underpin their use [14,15]. Previous research utilising observational approaches have offered PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21258026 culturally relevant policy implications [16-20]. Other population-based data collection approaches, including epidemiology, are usually not able to investigate the meanings that people ascribe to many social practices [21-23]. Only by developing a deeper understanding of your meanings, contexts and practices of AED use can appropriately structured interventions be produced and delivered. Within this paper, we present findings from a pilot study, involving sessions of observation and in-depth interviews, that builds on our understanding of the social and cultural contexts of AED use in Australia, and points to implications for policy and future analysis.Solutions Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained in the Eastern Health Investigation and Ethics Committee (E461011). Data collection occurred more than a six-month period in 2011 (January to June), and involved two components: sessions of observation and in-depth interviews.Sessions of observationSessions of observation [24-26] were conducted by the very first author (AP) within a wide variety of pubs, bars and nightclubs in Melbourne, Australia. Sessions of observation took place on five separate occasions in between the hours of 9 pm and four am, with each and every session lasting a minimum of five hours. The observation component of your research was exploratory in nature, with free of charge text fieldnotes becoming completed throughout the evening. Unique consideration was paid to AED consumption practices like amounts, combinations and frequencies; unique drinking practices (i.e., `shots’, `rounds’ `chugging’); distinct behaviours, for instance dancing, speaking, humour, annoyance and aggression; the advertising of AEDs; serving practices of employees; and any noticeable positive aspects and harms of consumption (ascertained through observation and informal conversations with patrons). Observations involved interaction with patrons exactly where probable. This involved the researcher casually interactingPennay and Lubman BMC Investigation Notes 2012, 5:369 http:www.biomedcentral.com1756-05005Page three ofwith drinkers; as an example, by becoming friendly at the bar with patrons who have been ordering AEDs and enquiring about the contents and motivations for use (but not informing the patron they were conducting investigation). In each venue, specific groups of people today have been chosen for detailed observation of consumption along with other behavioural habits, but the common behaviour of all patrons had been noted where attainable. Sessions of observation were as unobtrusive as you possibly can to maximise the naturalistic setting. Detailed fieldnotes have been taken during and straight away following sessions of observation [27,28]. When notes have been taken through a session of observation, they were done so inside a concealed way (i.e., on an iPhone) so as to ensure the setting remained naturalistic and those becoming observed had been unaware of this practice.In-depth interviewsdescription with the last session of AED use; motivations for AED use; perceived interactional effects of AEDs; social, cultural and economic (-)-Neferine web influences on AED use; use of pre-packaged AEDs; frequent harms skilled from AEDs which includes acute and next-day harms; impact of AED use on life-style and every day function.