Overview around the effects of dietary additives in cyprinids submitted to stressful situations. Additive Fish species Strain conditiontreatment Feeding time, Test days doses 56 0 Key effects on physiology and productivity Serum IGF-I and insulin Serum glucagon GR gene expression WG Blood glucose and serum cortisol AST and ALT activities LDH and MDH activities AchE, CAT, and SOD activities RGR, PER Blood glucose and plasma cortisol AST and ALT activities MDH activity AchE activity SGR, PER Serum glucose and cortisol Serum complement C3,lysozyme, SOD and glutathione WG Blood cortisol Skeletal malformationsAlanine and glutamineCyprinus carpioHigh density (80 gL)TryptophanLabeo rohitaThermal tension (34 and 38 C)0.42Cirrhinus mrigalaCrowding anxiety (30 fish75 L, 3-fold manage group)0.72TaurineMylopharyngodon piceusCrowding stress (one hundred gL) for 24 h just after experimental feeding0.4Vitamin C Vitamins C + ECyprinus carpio5 (Notemigonus RPR 73401 Protocol crysoleucas)Salinity tension (0, six and two ppt) Vitamins C + E combinations and thermal stress (37 C)480.1Different interactive effects 00.000038 ACH50 No effect on development vit E 00.000222 vit C 0.1.6 Serum glucose and cortisol Serum ALT and lysozyme activities Serum proteins Hepatic MDA content material HSP70 expression SGR Mucus immunoglobulins No effect on growth No modifications in cortisol responseVitamin E(Megalobrama amblycephala)Crowding anxiety for 48 h (one hundred gL)Vitamins mix (C, B1, B6, and E) LipidsCyprinus carpio8 (Notemigonus crysoleucas)9 (Danio rerio)ten (Megalobrama amblycephala)Handling (confinement) strain: two cm 14 water depth for two h Crowding tension (four cm water depth for two h) Starvation, reside transport and tank cleaning Nitrite exposure (15 mgL for 96 h)Various mixes 43 different oils 0.four 00.00005MOS (prebiotic) Selenium56Cortisol and CRH gene expression Serum cortisol Hepatic MDA content SOD, CAT and GPx activities and transcriptionsACH50, Alternative Complement Activity; AchE, Acetylcholine Esterase; ALT, Alanine Aminotransferase; AST, Aspartate Aminotransferase; CAT, Catalase;; CRH, Corticotropin Releasing Hormone; GR, Glucocorticoid Receptor; HSP70, Heat Shock Protein 70 KDa; IGF-I, Insuline Growth Aspect I; LDH, Lactate Dehydrogenase; MDA, Malondialdehyde; MDH, Malate Dehydrogenase; MOS, mannan-oligosaccharide; PER, Protein Efficiency Ratio; RGR, Relative Growth Price; SGR, Specific Development Rate; SOD, Superoxide Dismutase; WG, Weight Obtain. 1 Chen et al. (51); two Kumar et al. (49); three Tejpal et al. (46); 4 Tian et al. (52); 5 Imanpoor et al. (21); 6 Chen et al. (62); 7 Liu et al. (13); 8 S dor et al. (69); 9 Lochmann et al. (73); ten Forsatkar et al. (22); 11 Extended et al. (90).on amino acids and vitamins. Only two functions have dealt with minerals and carbohydrates (22, 90).Amino AcidsIt seems clear that amino acid effects, concretely tryptophan (Trp) supplements, are consistent along cyprinid species. In this sense Kumar et al. (49) and Tejpal et al. (46) have reported significant cortisol secretion decreases following pressure in rohu (Labeo rohita) and mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), respectively.Also, abovementioned two studies Bromchlorbuterol manufacturer papers have stated a development enhancement just after feeding Trp-enriched diets for 4560 days. The volume of Trp in diet have been extremely similar in each papers, therefore 1.five Trp on dry matter basis is successful to attenuate the stress response in cyprinids. In addition, the stressors had been different in both functions, hence it seems that the tension response in cyprinids fed Trp su.