Of a restricted suckling of dam (RS, n = 18) have been kept separately in an individual pen (4.five four.5 m) together with the mother (milked in the 2nd day at 05:00 and 16:00) until the 21st day, suckling a mother’s udder ten min three occasions each day (8:00, 13:00, and 18:00). Each calf had its personal mother, not a random cow. The cow and the calf were loose. A modest part of the pen was separated to become utilized by the calf (1.2 four.five) (Figure 1). The separated a part of the pen opened as well as the calf was released to its mother. In the 22nd day, the heifers have been kept in a loose housing pen (six kg any cow milk per day, 2daily 3 kg, bucket with nipple). The suckling time of a mother’s udder (3 10 min) was determined throughout preparation for the experiment in line with Passillde and Rushen [43]. In the current phase from the experiment, these RS heifer Xaliproden Neuronal Signaling calves had been weighed prior to and just after every suckling. The calves within the group of unrestricted suckling of the foster cow (US, n = 16) had been kept for 3 days with their own mother in a person pen then a pen with non-milked foster cows in the 4th day to weaning. A foster cow can also be known as a nursing cow (a cow that nurses alien calves). The heifer calves could suckle at any time, normally three occasions per day. A total of 8 cows had been applied, of which three have been for the 2nd parity, four were for the 3rd parity, and 1 was for the 4th parity. 5 cows had been in the mid-lactation stage, and 3 have been in the late lactation stage. Foster cows have been chosen (not randomly) from milking cows of the herd, using the major criteria getting milk yield along with the ability to accept an alien calf and to become nursed. The distribution of fostered calves by all eight cows was as follows: 1 = 2, 2 = 1, three = four, four = two, five = 1, 6 = 1, 7 = two, and eight = three. Heifer calves of the US group suckled colostrum and the mother’s milk ad libitum three Aminopurvalanol A CDK instances each day (3 10 min/day) from the second for the third days. They suckled milk of foster cows in the 4th day (suckle at any time) to weaning. The number of US calves per foster cow was determined according to milk yield in the chosen cows, guaranteeing that 6 kg of milk per calf and day is accessible. Milk yield controls have been performed on the last day just before moving towards the experiment then weekly thereafter. The US group was housed in a pen of 9 4.5 mAgriculture 2021, 11,3 ofAgriculture 2021, 11,(three nursing cows and 102 heifer calves). Calves have been not housed individually using a three of 14 foster cow. Cows have been tied within a pen, and calves were kept loose.Figure 1. Individual pen for the calf and also the mother of the RS group. 1–Concrete feed trough for Figure 1. Person pen for the calf plus the mother with the RS group. 1–Concrete feed trough for cow; 2–gate; 3–starter mixture feeder; 4–hanging hay feeder; 5–cow drinker. cow; 2–gate; 3–starter mixture feeder; 4–hanging hay feeder; 5–cow drinker.Right after having nursed their dams in an individual pen for 24 h, the calves within the The calves in the group of unrestricted suckling of the foster cow (US, n = 16) had been conventional rearing group (CR, n = 17) have been kept individually in hutches from 2nd to 56th kept for 3 days with their very own mother 0.five kg; 3rd day,pen andkg; 4thaday, 3with nonday (bucket with nipple, MR; 2nd day, 3 in an individual three 1.0 then pen 1.5 kg; milked foster cows kg/day 4th day to three daily) foster cow a loose housing as a nursand from 5th day six in the to 21st dayweaning. Aand then inis also referred to pen from ing cow (a cow that nurses alien calves). kg/day, 2 calves.