N population management programme. The observations didn’t involve any direct contact with the animals or any changes in the zoo-given conditions through transport and (re)uniting. All handling of the animals throughout the observed method was conducted by the zoos with the greatest care and having a high focus on the animals’ welfare. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Acknowledgments: The authors thank all persons involved within the study at the Tierpark Berlin, Bergzoo Halle, Serengeti Park Hodenhagen, Opel-Zoo Kronberg, and Safaripark Dvur Kr ovfor the chance to conduct this study. We specially thank the keepers of all elephant facilities for their assist and cooperation during the whole project. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the style on the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; inside the writing of your manuscript; or within the choice to publish the outcomes.AbbreviationsCI d df M m N/n p r SD sec t Self-confidence interval Impact size right after Cohen Degree of freedom Imply Meter Sample size Significance Effect size right after Pearson Regular Deviation Seconds t-StatisticAnimals 2021, 11,13 ofU X2 ZfishesArticleDiets and Stable Cytidine 5′-diphosphoethanolamine site isotope Ganciclovir-d5 custom synthesis Signatures of Native and Nonnative Leucisid Fishes Advances Our Understanding of the Yellowstone Lake Food WebHayley C. Glassic 1, , Christopher S. Guyand Todd M. KoelMontana Cooperative Fishery Study Unit, Division of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA U.S. Geological Survey, Montana Cooperative Fishery Study Unit, Division of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; [email protected] U.S. National Park Service, Yellowstone Center for Sources, Native Fish Conservation System, Post Workplace Box 168, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190, USA; [email protected] Correspondence: hcg0509@gmailCitation: Glassic, H.C.; Guy, C.S.; Koel, T.M. Diets and Stable Isotope Signatures of Native and Nonnative Leucisid Fishes Advances Our Understanding from the Yellowstone Lake Meals Net. Fishes 2021, six, 51. 10.3390/fishes6040051 Academic Editor: J. Todd Petty Received: 31 August 2021 Accepted: 15 October 2021 Published: 20 OctoberAbstract: (1) Many forage fishes, for example Leucisids (minnows) have depauperate research on diet program composition or steady isotope signatures, as these fishes are often only viewed as food for larger trophic levels. The need to have exists to understand and document the diet program and stable isotope signatures of Leucisids (redside shiner, longnose dace, lake chub) in relation towards the community ecology and foodweb dynamics in Yellowstone Lake, especially given an invasive piscivore introduction and prospective future effects of climate alter on the Yellowstone Lake ecosystem. (2) Diet program information collected throughout summer season of 2020 had been analyzed by species applying proportion by quantity, frequency of occurrence, and imply proportion by weight, and diet plan overlap was compared working with Schoener’s index (D). Steady isotope (15 N and 13 C) values had been estimated by collecting tissue for the duration of the summer season of 2020 by species, and isotopic overlap was compared employing 40 Bayesian ellipses. (three) Nonnative redside shiners and lake chub had comparable diets, and native longnose dace diet differed in the nonnative Leucisids. Eating plan overlap was also higher among the nonnative Leucisids, and insignificant when comparing native and nonnative Leucisids. No evidence existed to suggest a difference in 15 N signatures among the species.