He 56 53 1 57 46 located in six), Liaoning Province, of Fushun region features a continental 41 study region is N; Figure Dongzhou District China. This City (124236124348E, 416531746N; Figure six), Liaoning Province, China. This location has a air monsoon climate and is locatedis around 5 , and the average annual precipnual air temperature of this area in the middle temperate zone. The imply annual continental monsoon climate and is located in the C, and also the average zone. The mean an- is middle temperate annual precipitation temperature of this areaThe plantation forestsin the study location are dominated by Pinus itation is 76090 mm. is approximately five 76090 mm. The plantation forestsmainly study location are dominated by Pinus koraiensis; koraiensis; broad-leaved tree species in the consist of Quercus acutissima and Q. mongolica. broad-leaved tree species mostly incorporate Quercus acutissima and Q. mongolica.Figure six. Study location. (a) Place of your study region; (b) the hyperspectral image (in false color composition) and place of Figure 6. Study region. (a) Location with the study location; (b) the hyperspectral image (in false colour composition) and place sample plots; (c) (c) the hyperspectral cube thethe corresponding area from the hyperspectral image. of sample plots; the hyperspectral cube of of corresponding area in the hyperspectral image.A ground survey was implemented from 84 May possibly 2021. Twenty-eight sample plots (15 m 15 m) have been established in the study region (Figure six). In every single plot, tree species, the color of needles, tree vigor, as well as the PWD infection stage of every single tree had been Compound 48/80 Activator recorded. The location of sampled trees was measured applying a hand-held differential global positioningRemote Sens. 2021, 13,7 ofA ground survey was implemented from 84 Might 2021. Twenty-eight sample plots (15 m 15 m) have been established within the study location (Figure six). In each and every plot, tree species, the color of needles, tree vigor, as well as the PWD infection stage of every single tree have been recorded. The location of sampled trees was measured applying a hand-held differential international positioning technique (DGPS, South Surveying Mapping Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China, Version S760) with an accuracy of sub-meter. A total of 1152 trees were measured. At the exact same time, 157 pine trees (42 trees with discolored needles and 115 trees displaying no discoloration) have been randomly sampled to confirm regardless of whether each tree carried the PWN or not by morphological and molecular identification [41,42]. The results showed that trees with discolored needles all carried the PWN, and much more than 80 (93 out of 115) of trees displaying no discoloration were verified to be infested by the PWN. Hence, we confirmed that the study area was indeed infected by PWD. two.2. Airborne Information Collection and PreprocessingRemote Sens. 2021, 13, x FOR PEER Review (to acquireA DJI Matrice 300 drone (DJI, Shenzhen, China) carrying a Pika L hyperspectral sensor 8 of 23 the HI data; Tasisulam Technical Information Resonon, USA) along with a LR1601-IRIS LiDAR program (to gather the LiDAR information; IRIS Inc., Beijing, China) had been applied within this study. The main parameters of the hyperspectral sensor are shown in Table 1. The LiDAR system is uncalibrated, plus the laser wavelength, pulse repetition frequency, and returns per pulse are 905 nm, Huace Navigawere 2.0 and five.0 m, respectively. Moreover, Z-survey i50 RTK (Shanghai 50 Hz, and 2, respectively. An Ltd., Shanghai, China) was applied worldwide position system (GPS) and tion Technologyinertial measurement unit (IMU) and ato enhance the POS (pos.