Trajectory curve and linear regression for the eigengene. (F) The coexpression network for module yellow.Frontiers in Veterinary Science | www.frontiersin.orgJuly 2021 | Volume 8 | ArticleLiu et al.Network for E. tenella Infected ChickenFIGURE 4 | The Functions for genes in magenta module. (A) The dotplot of major 11 BPs. (B) The concept network of major 11 BPs. (C) The trajectory curve and linear regression for the eigengene. (D) The coexpression network for module magenta.regulation (21). Hamzifound that tryptophan CYP3 Purity & Documentation deprivation c inhibits Toxoplasma gondii replication and may be involved within the innate immune response to E. maxima infection (22, 23). It was reported that tyrosine is actually a precursor to dopamine, catecholamine, and melanin production, in which dopamine is really a neurotransmitter involving in the regulation on the immune response (21). Phenylalanine engaged within the regulation of nitricoxide (NO) synthesis (24) indirectly, and NO plays various roles relating to the immune response which can regulate the cytokine production, and killing pathogens (25). Within this study, the expression of genes decreased drastically together with the primary infection over time (Figure 3C) which indicated that it was inhibited for the E. tenella by initializing the host innate immune response. Genes within the magenta module have been involved inside the immune response, defense response and actin filaments de/polymerization. It is well-known that protozoan parasite infections can trigger a severe intestinal mucosal immune response (22, 23). This is in line with all the upregulated expressionof genes inside the magenta module below the principal challenge (Figure 4B). There are some important hub genes within this module including IFNG, IRF1, and CAPZA1. IFNG encodes a soluble cytokine that is certainly a member on the sort II interferon class. The encoded protein is secreted by cells of each the innate and adaptive immune systems. The IRAK Molecular Weight production of IFNG is actually a homodimer that binds to the interferon gamma receptor and is deemed as pivotal for triggering effector mechanisms against Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium, Plasmodium, and Eimeria infections (26) and may inhibit the replication of parasites (27). IRF1 is interferon regulatory factor 1 and protein encoded by this gene is really a transcriptional regulator and tumor suppressor, serving as an activator of genes involved in both innate and acquired immune responses. The encoded protein activates the transcription of genes involved within the body’s response to viruses and bacteria, playing a function in cell proliferation, apoptosis, immune response, and DNA damage response (28). CAPZA1 is usually a capping actin protein of muscle Z-line alpha subunit 1 which encodes the subunit of F-actin capping protein (29) andFrontiers in Veterinary Science | www.frontiersin.orgJuly 2021 | Volume 8 | ArticleLiu et al.Network for E. tenella Infected ChickenFIGURE 5 | Module preservation evaluation. (A) Modules preserved in E. acervulina. (B) Modules preserved in E. maxima.regulates actin polymerization and cell motility by way of binding towards the barbed ends of actin filaments (30, 31). Inside the present study, all these hub genes upregulated right after the major infection, which indicates that the immune responses are activated. Working with the exact same gene expression dataset, we examined regardless of whether the coexpression network structure of modules identified in E. tenella infected chickens may possibly be preserved in E. acervulina or E. maxima infected chickens. The extremely preserved modules are mainly involved in RNA.